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U nastavku je članak sa sajta koji se bavi mentalnim zdravljem dece i za koji mislim da mnogima može biti od koristi. Link ka originalnom članku je na kraju ovog teksta, prevela sam ga za vas u celini.
Predmet teksta je stanje koje možemo prepoznati kod dece, ali i kod tinejdžera i kod nas odraslih i koje uzrokuje strahove, sumnje i brige koje znaju da obuzmu osobu toliko da joj utiču na način razmišljnja i dnevne rutine.
Te misli znaju biti zastražujuće i oni ih ne mogu sprečiti iako to žele, što im život može učiniti jako stresnim i otežati im finkcionisanje u školi, porodici, društvu...
Kako bi izašli na kraj sa svim tim strahovima i brigama, deca (odrasli, tinejdžeri..) razviju načine ponašanja koji se mogu nazvati ritualima, i koji imaju karakter opsesije – oni im pomažu tako što ih “štite” od svega što ih brine i plaši.
Primeri briga i strahova od:
- prljavštine, bakterija
- stvari koje nisu simetrično poređane, posložene (“nejednake”)
- stvari koje nisu urađene ili postavljene na uobičajen način
- toga da nisu možda nešto pogrešili, prekršili neko pravilo ili uvredili nekoga,
- brojeva, reči, zvukova ili boja koje za njih imaju značenje “srećnih” ili “nesrećnih”
- toga da imaju seksualne ili agresivne misli – ako imaju loše misli da to za njih znači da su oni sami po sebi loše osobe.
- plaše se “otpadnih produkata organizma” – mokraće, fekalija…
- bolesti ili štete koja se može desiti njima ili njihovoj porodici
Primeri “rituala” (Spisak stvari koje “moraju” da rade kako bi sebi olakšali život – kako bi “bili sigurni” da su stvari čiste, ili već kako “treba da budu”. ):
- pranje i čišćenje
- ponavljanje specifičnih radnji ili određenog ponašanja, reči ili fraze…
- izlaženje ili ulaženje u prostoriju nekoliko puta zaredom
- stalne provere ispravnosti domaćeg zadatka, na primer
- tapkanje ili dodirivanje nečega određen broj puta, ili na tačno određen način
- ređnje stvari na određen način – zašto ? “Zato.”
- brojanje do određenog broja ii stalno ponovljeno brojanje.
Izvođenje ovih “rituala” pruža privremeno olakšanje deci sa opsesivno-kompulsivnim poremećajem (tako se ta pojava stručno zove) – ali što više ponavljaju ritual to imaju veću potrebu da ga iznova ponavljaju, pri čemu on , vremenom, ne daje željeno olakšanje koliko je davao u početku.
Dete se, na ovaj način, “zaglavi” u ritualu toliko da, na primer, ne može otići u krevet na vreme jer stalno iznova pere ruke. Ili kasni u školu jer iznova proverava je li sve što treba stavljeno u ranac. Posledica – i roditelji i deca su iscrpljeni i uznemireni, nervozni.
I deca i odrasli se stide svojih “rituala” i kriju ih od ostalih – jedan od načina je taj da izbegavaju situacije koje su okidači brige i straha i koje vode ka tim ritualima: oni ih teraju da u školi stalno iznova pišu, brišu, ponovo rade već urađeno…Ne koriste “loše reči ili brojeve” sa svog spiska zabranjenih, na primer, čak iako zbog toga dobiju lošu ocenu na testu – bilo da su đaci ili studenti.
Neka deca će se požaliti roditeljima a neka će zadržati za sebe sve ovo, tako da roditelji ne mogu da shvate uzrok problema.
Uzrok?
Nepoznat. Smatra se da je genetski ili da je u vezi sa načinom funkcionisanja nečijeg mozga, čak ga smatraju posledicom neke infekcije. U svakom slučaju važnoje znati da dete odnosno osoba – nije krivac. Ona ne može sebi pomoći –ali prava dijagnoza može dovesti do značajnog poboljšanja u svim oblastima života. U suprotnom, stanje se može pogoršavati vremenom.
Šta raditi ako ste prepoznali simptome:
Razgovarajte da detetom o tome što se događa -slušajte, saosećajte – kažite da shvatate koliko to može da bude uznemiravajuće. Kažite da je poznata pojava koja izaziva takvo ponašanje i da mu je moguće pomoći i da treba posetiti lekara. Iako se stide svojih rituala i u početku možda neće priznati da problem postoji, na kraju će im biti lakše što mogu s nekim razgovarati o tome i što neko razume.
Terapija ima za cilj da deca ili odrasli nauče da se suoče sa strahovima i da odole potrebi da sprovode rituale – u retkim slučajevima se mogu dati lekovi ali to uglavnom nije potrebno. Rezultati ne dolaze preko noći ali svakako dolaze.
WT.ac=http://m.kidshealth.org/en/parents/ocd.html?WT.ac=
Do you recognize this?
The text that follows is from web site dealing with kid’s health -but this condition that can affect people of any age — including kids and teens. It causes people to have obsessions, which are fears, doubts, and worries that take over and interrupt a person’s normal thoughts and routines.
To get relief from obsessive thoughts, people develop behaviors called rituals or compulsions. The rituals have the power to make things seem “right” or prevent the bad things they worry about.Obsessive thoughts can be upsetting and scary. But kids and teens feel powerless to stop focusing on these thoughts, even though they want to. This can make life very stressful.
This condition can be recognized through obsessions and compulsive rituals.
Obsessions
Obsessive thoughts can cause kids and teens to feel and act irritable, upset, sad, or anxious. Kids often get obsessed with:
- whether something is dirty or germy
- things being symmetrical or even
- things being done in set order or a specific way
- whether they might have sinned, broken a rule, or offended someone
- numbers, words, sounds, or colors that seem “lucky” or “unlucky”
- having sexual or aggressive thoughts
- body wastes
- illness or harm coming to them or their relatives
Kids become afraid of what might happen if something is dirty or uneven, or if they see an “unlucky” number or color. They worry that the bad things they’re afraid of will come true. They may think that having bad thoughts means they are bad. Obsessions make it hard to concentrate on schoolwork or enjoy activities.
Compulsive Rituals
Kids with OCD feel compelled to do specific rituals to get relief from their obsessive thoughts. They do these rituals to “make sure” things are clean, in order, or “just right.” Rituals include things like:
- washing and cleaning
- repeating specific behaviors — like saying a word or phrase over and over
- going in and out of doorways several times in a row
- checking — like making sure an appliance is off, a door is locked, or repeatedly checking homework
- touching or tapping a certain number of times or a set way
- ordering or arranging objects “just so”
- counting — like counting to a certain number, or counting over and over
Doing a ritual gives kids with OCD temporary relief from fear, worry, or bad thoughts. But the more kids do a ritual, the more they feel the urge to do it again. Eventually, the ritual doesn’t bring as much relief as it once did. So a kid may do it over, then over again. This is called “getting stuck.”
A kid with OCD may get stuck hand washing for so long he can’t get to bed on time. Or a kid may get stuck packing and re-packing a backpack so many times that she misses the bus. Getting stuck in a ritual can make kids (and parents) feel frustrated, upset, and exhausted.
Kids and teens with OCD often feel embarrassed. They might be afraid they’ll be teased about their rituals. They often hide rituals or do them in a way that others don’t notice. Because rituals can be upsetting, kids start to avoid situations that trigger the need to do them.
OCD affects students at school. A need to erase, rewrite, or re-do work slows kids down. Some kids won’t write the correct answer on a test if it uses a “bad” number or word. They would rather get a poor grade than “risk” the bad thing they imagine might happen if they break OCD’s “rules.”
Some kids tell a parent what’s bothering or scaring them. But other kids may keep the worries and rituals to themselves. Parents may not realize what’s causing their child’s difficulties.
Why Do Kids Get OCD?
Scientists don’t yet know why some people get OCD. Kids may get OCD because it’s in their genes or they had an infection. And, there may be differences in certain brain structures and brain activity in people with OCD. But whatever caused OCD to happen in the first place, it’s not the child’s fault.
People with OCD can’t control their condition or get better on their own. But the right diagnosis and therapy can help them get better and get on with life.
Diagnosing OCD
OCD can get better with the right attention and care. But problems also can continue or get worse if they’re not treated. If you think your child might have OCD, here’s what to do.
Talk with your child about what’s going on. Talk supportively, listen, and show love. Tell your child what you’ve noticed and that you know it’s stressful for him. Say that something called OCD might be causing your child to be worrying and “fixing” things in these ways. Say that a check-up with the doctor can find out if this is what’s going on. Reassure your child that this can get better and that you want to help.
Kids with OCD sometimes feel ashamed or embarrassed at first. They may try to hide a ritual or deny doing it. But it can be a relief to a kid if someone understands what’s going on. Therapists treat OCD with cognitive behavioral therapy. During this type of talk-and-do therapy, kids and teens learn helpful new ways to think about OCD. They learn that doing rituals keeps OCD going strong, and that not doing rituals helps to weaken OCD.
Source: WT.ac=http://m.kidshealth.org/en/parents/ocd.html?WT.ac=
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